基本字義
● 堅(jiān)
（堅(jiān)）
jiān ㄐㄧㄢˉ
1. 牢固，結(jié)實(shí)，硬：～固�！珜�(shí)�！缗褪�
2. 不動(dòng)搖，不改變：～決。～信。
3. 牢固、結(jié)實(shí)的東西或陣地：中～。攻～。披～執(zhí)銳。
4. 姓。
詳細(xì)字義
◎ 堅(jiān)
堅(jiān) jiān
〈形〉
(1) (會(huì)意。從臤( qiān),從土�！芭O”,金文象以手拉“臣”(屈服的奴隸)。從“土”,表示土質(zhì)堅(jiān)硬。本義:泥土堅(jiān)硬)
(2) 同本義。泛指堅(jiān)硬;結(jié)實(shí) [hard;solid;firm]
堅(jiān),剛也。——《說(shuō)文》
堅(jiān),堅(jiān)土也。——《廣雅》
四為壤五,為堅(jiān)三。——《九章算術(shù)·穿地》
鎧甲不堅(jiān)�！俄n非子·五蠹》
劍堅(jiān),故不可立拔。(劍堅(jiān),劍插得緊。)——《戰(zhàn)國(guó)策·燕策》
非不堅(jiān)利�！睹献印す珜O丑下》
披堅(jiān)執(zhí)銳�！妒酚洝り惿媸兰摇�
火燒令堅(jiān)�！巍� 沈括《夢(mèng)溪筆談·活板》
硯冰堅(jiān)。——明· 宋濂《送東陽(yáng)馬生序》
(3) 又如:堅(jiān)瓠(堅(jiān)厚而實(shí)心的葫蘆。不可剖以盛物,因喻無(wú)用的東西);堅(jiān)冰(多以喻積過(guò)成禍,困難重重);堅(jiān)頑(極其堅(jiān)硬);堅(jiān)確(堅(jiān)硬);堅(jiān)滑(堅(jiān)硬滑溜);堅(jiān)潤(rùn)(堅(jiān)硬而潤(rùn)澤)
(4) 牢固,堅(jiān)固,強(qiáng)固有力而不易摧毀 [firm;solid;secure]
堅(jiān),強(qiáng)也�！稄V雅》
堅(jiān)窮廉直�！秴问洗呵铩彿帧�
譽(yù)其盾之堅(jiān),物莫能陷也�！俄n非子·難勢(shì)》
堅(jiān)閉門而不出�！肚f子·天運(yùn)》
(5) 又如:堅(jiān)巧(牢固而精巧);堅(jiān)城(堅(jiān)固不易攻破的城池);堅(jiān)勚(結(jié)實(shí));堅(jiān)壁(堅(jiān)固的墻壁或營(yíng)壘;堅(jiān)守壁壘)
(6) [植物的種子]飽滿 [full]
其谷不堅(jiān)�！秴问洗呵铩べF信》
(7) 又如:堅(jiān)成(結(jié)實(shí);成熟)
(8) 堅(jiān)定;意志、主張不動(dòng)搖 [firm;staunch;steadfast]
窮且益堅(jiān),不墜青云之志。——王勃《滕王閣序》
(9) 又如:堅(jiān)凝(堅(jiān)定;堅(jiān)強(qiáng);緊湊簡(jiǎn)練);堅(jiān)確(心志堅(jiān)定;土質(zhì)堅(jiān)固);堅(jiān)勁(強(qiáng)而有力;意志堅(jiān)強(qiáng)不變);堅(jiān)心(堅(jiān)定的心志)
(10) 牢靠,穩(wěn)定 [stable]
堅(jiān)致為上�！痘茨献印r(shí)則》。注:“功,牢也�！�
(11) 又如:堅(jiān)心(一心);堅(jiān)附(安定,牢固附著);堅(jiān)臥(按兵不動(dòng))
(12) 固執(zhí) [stubborn]
二曰行辟而堅(jiān)�！盾髯印ゅ蹲�
小敵之堅(jiān)。(堅(jiān),硬拼。)——《孫子·謀攻》
(13) 又如:堅(jiān)意(執(zhí)意,決心);堅(jiān)臥(堅(jiān)不出仕,隱居);堅(jiān)秉(堅(jiān)持);堅(jiān)僻(固執(zhí)怪僻)
詞性變化
◎ 堅(jiān)
堅(jiān) jiān
〈名〉
(1) 堅(jiān)固的東西 [firm article]
披堅(jiān)執(zhí)銳�！妒酚洝り惿媸兰摇�
(2) 要塞,堡壘 [stronghold]。如:攻堅(jiān)
◎ 堅(jiān)
堅(jiān) jiān
〈動(dòng)〉
加固,使堅(jiān)固 [solidify]。如:堅(jiān)精(固精壯陽(yáng));堅(jiān)白(堅(jiān)守貞節(jié));堅(jiān)營(yíng)(加固營(yíng)壘)
◎ 堅(jiān)
堅(jiān) jiān
〈副〉
堅(jiān)持;固執(zhí) [insistently]。如:堅(jiān)臥煙霞(隱居的意思);堅(jiān)稱