現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)for和since的用法解釋及分析

　　For和since都表示我們說到的時(shí)間從過去開始一直持續(xù)到現(xiàn)在，但是for與since不能混用。

　　例如：

　　“I have lived in Italy for 13 years.”

　　“I have lived in Italy since 2003.”

　　當(dāng)我們用for的.時(shí)候，表示一個(gè)活動(dòng)持續(xù)一段時(shí)間，從過去到現(xiàn)在。

　　我們用since的時(shí)候，表示過去的行為開始一直持續(xù)到現(xiàn)在。

　　兩句話有同樣的含義。for的例子中用了“13年”這個(gè)時(shí)間，但由于 2003年加上13年就是2016年，即今年。兩句話的重點(diǎn)都是現(xiàn)在，“我”繼續(xù)住在意大利，沒有去其他國(guó)家。

　　Since用來說明動(dòng)作起始時(shí)間，for用來說明動(dòng)作延續(xù)時(shí)間長(zhǎng)度。

　　給大家舉一些例子, 什么時(shí)候該用for和since

　　I have lived here for more than twenty years.

　　I have lived here since I was born..

　　My aunt has worked in a clinic since 1949.

　　Some new oilfields have been opened up since 1976.

　　I have known Xiao Li since she was a little girl.

　　My brother has been in the Youth League for two years.

　　I have not heard from my uncle for a long time.

　　但是并非有for 作為時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)的句子都用現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)。

　　I worked here for more than twenty years.

　　(我現(xiàn)在已不在這里工作。)

　　I have worked here for many years.

　　(現(xiàn)在我仍在這里工作。)

　　當(dāng)現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)+一段時(shí)間，這一結(jié)構(gòu)中，我們用下面的公式轉(zhuǎn)化，很容易就能排除非延續(xù)動(dòng)詞在完成時(shí)中的誤使。

　　1) (對(duì))TomhasstudiedRussianforthreeyears.

　　=TombegantostudyRussianthreeyearsago,andisstillstudyingitnow.

　　2) (錯(cuò))Harryhasgotmarriedforsixyears.

　　=Harrybegantogetmarriedsixyearsago,andisstillgettingmarriednow.

　　顯然，第二句不對(duì)，它應(yīng)改為Harrygotmarriedsixyearsago. 或Harryhasbeenmarriedforsixyears.

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